Numerical study of wave processes in a pressure-wave refrigerator

The paper provides some results concerning the numerical study of the strongly transient gasdynamic processes in a pressure-wave refrigerator (PWR). A hierarchical set of numerical models from the simplest one-dimensional to a fully three-dimensional formulation is introduced. The computations show that one-dimensional solutions give a reasonable foundation for the understanding of PWR operational principles but cannot satisfactorily predict the refrigeration efficiency. Good agreement with experiment is achieved by considering two- and three-dimensional effects of gas mixing by overlap of rotating nozzles and expansion tubes. Received Received 14 February 1996 / Accepted 1 June 1996     

Piezo-driven thermoacoustic refrigerators with dynamic magnifiers

Thermoacoustic refrigeration is an emerging cooling technology which does not rely for in its operation on the use of any moving parts or harmful refrigerants. This technology uses acoustic waves to pump heat across a temperature gradient. The temperature gradient forms across the ends of a porous body, called the stack, enclosed in a resonator. The vast majority of thermoacoustic refrigerators to date have used electromagnetic loudspeakers to generate the acoustic input. In this paper, the design, construction, operation, and modeling of a piezo-driven thermoacoustic refrigerator are detailed. The performance of the refrigerator is significantly enhanced by coupling the acoustic driver with an elastic structure, referred to as a dynamic magnifier. Proper selection of the magnifier parameters can increase the magnitude of the pressure oscillations across the stack, and consequently the temperature difference. The magnified refrigerator demonstrates the effectiveness of piezoelectric actuation in moving 0.3 W of heat across a 10 °C temperature difference with an input power of 7 W. All the theoretical predictions are validated against data from experimental prototypes. The developed theoretical and experimental tools can serve as invaluable means for the design and testing of piezo-driven thermoacoustic refrigerator configurations.     

锥型热声谐振管内非线性声场的数值模拟研究

从声学角度出发,考虑粘性耗散、非线性效应及管型结构变化的影响,利用伽辽金法,对锥型热声谐振管内的一维声场进行了数值模拟研究,对谐振管结构参数对声场的影响进行了分析,给出了锥型管内压比随谐振管结构参数变化的规律,通过与圆柱型直管的比较,揭示了锥型管在抑制谐波及提高压比等方面的优越性。     

高温超导磁体试验装置设计

在高温超导磁体试验装置设计中,冷却方式有制冷机传导冷却和液氮浸泡冷却两种。制冷机传导冷却是将磁体通过一种热导率高的材料与制冷机冷头相连。该方式为保证绝缘、冷量传递、温场均匀性等指标,对磁体的结构设计要求较高;液氮浸泡冷却是将高温超导磁体浸泡在液氮中,该方式虽然对磁体结构设计要求有所降低,但在试验过程中需定期补充蒸发掉的液氮,试验过程较繁琐。有鉴于此,我们设计了一套利用热虹吸原理的零蒸发液氮浸泡冷却高温超导磁体试验装置,超导磁体吊装在杜瓦上盖板法兰下,液氮浸泡超导磁体,带GM制冷机的液氮再冷凝杜瓦与超导磁体分开,用一根真空绝热管道将两者连接起来,利用热虹吸原理构成自循环系统。     

微型同轴脉管制冷机最低制冷温度影响因素的实验研究

本文对微型同轴脉管制冷机最低制冷温度的影响因素进行了实验研究。试验结果表明:在其他运行参数不变的情况下,随着氢浓度的逐渐减少,最低制冷温度也逐渐降低,当氢的摩尔浓度小于20％时,其最低制冷温度和纯氦相差不大。不同的氢氦配比下,该脉管制冷机的最佳运转频率为16.7 Hz。随着系统平均压力的提高,最低制冷温度也随之下降,但变化幅度越来越小。     

Theoretical and experimental investigation of onset characteristics of standing-wave thermoacoustic engines based on thermodynamic analysis

A simplified physical model for calculating the onset temperature ratio and the frequency of a standing wave thermoacoustic engine (SWTE) in the time domain is built based on thermodynamic analysis. Coefficients of transient pressure drop and heat transfer are first deduced from linear thermoacoustic theory. By numerical computation, the evolutions of the pressure amplitude and the spectrum characteristics during the onset process are presented. Furthermore, the effects of stack spacing, charge pressure, and resonator length on the onset temperature ratio and the frequency are calculated. Relatively good agreement between the computational and the experimental results has been achieved, which validates the model for calculating the onset characteristics.     

Local stability analysis of a low-dissipation cyclic refrigerator*

We study the local stability near the maximum figure of merit for the low-dissipation cyclic refrigerator,where the irreversible dissipation occurs not only in the thermal contacts but also the adiabatic strokes.We find that the bounds of the coefficient of performance at a maximum figure of merit or maximum cooling rate in the presence of internal dissipation are identical to those in the corresponding absence of internal dissipation.Using two different scenarios,we prove the existence of a single stable steady state for the refrigerator,and clarify the role of internal dissipation on the stability of the thermodynamic steady state,showing that the speed of system evolution to the steady state decreases due to internal dissipation.     

热端温度对高频微型同轴脉冲管制冷机性能的影响及其在空间技术中的应用研究

本文用数值方法对热端温度对微型高频同轴脉冲管制冷机性能的影响进行了分析,并将其与实验结果进行了比较,随着热端温度的升高,制冷机的最低制冷温度单调升高,制冷量单调减少,试验结果与数值计算结果定性相符。在此基础上,探讨了高频微型同轴脉冲管制冷机和辐射制冷器相结合在空间飞行器中的应用,提出了两种应用模式,用数值方法对之进行了分析。     

回热器的热声直流模型及其应用研究

由基本的守恒方程出发 ,获得了能描述回热器存在声直流时的非线性动力学模型及由此而导致的非线性时均热力学效应。根据所得到的模型 ,考察了声直流对临界声功产生率温度梯度、回热器温度分布及其性能的影响     

压力对热声驱动脉管制冷机性能的影响

讨论了充气压力对热声压缩机的起振温度等性能的影响 ,着重研究了工作压力对热声驱动脉管制冷机性能的影响。对自行研制的驻波型热声驱动脉管制冷机进行了改进和优化 ,在最近的实验中取得了 1 2 0 K的无负荷最低制冷温度 ,达到液化天然气温区。